History: 13th Century

1. Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire

• 1162: Birth of Temujin
• 1180s-1206: Consolidation of Mongol tribes
• 1207-1210: Campaign against Western Xia
• 1211-1215: Invasion of the Jin Dynasty
• 1216-1218: Subjugation of the Kara-Khitai
• 1219-1225: Conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire
• 1226-1227: Final Campaign against Western Xia
• 1230s-1240s: Campaigns of Ögedei Khan
• 1250s-: Fragmentation of the Mongol Empire

2. China and East Asia

• 1127-1279: Southern Song Dynasty
• 1211-1234: Mongol-Jin War
• 1231-1259: Mongol invasions of Korea
• 1259-1294: Kublai Khan’s reign
• 1271: Yuan Dynasty established
• 1274 & 1281: Mongol invasions of Japan

3. Southeast Asia

• Early 13th century: Rise of the Sukhothai Kingdom
• 1238: Establishment of Sukhothai
• 12th-13th centuries: Angkor Period of Khmer Empire
• 13th Century: Growth of Vietnamese influence

4. Indian Subcontinent

• Early 13th century: Delhi Sultanate Consolidation
• 1206: Establishment of Delhi Sultanate
• 1236-1240: Raziya Sultan’s Reign
• 1290: Khalji Dynasty

5. Europe

• 1202-1204: Fourth Crusade
• 1215: Magna Carta
• 1226-1270: Reign of Louis IX of France
• 1228-1229: Sixth Crusade
• 1241: Battle of Legnica
• 1248-1254: Seventh Crusade
• 1265: English Parliament established
• 1270: Eighth Crusade
• 1273: Rudolf I of Habsburg elected King of Germany
• 1271-1295: Marco Polo’s journey to Asia

6. Middle East

• 1250: Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
• 1258: Sack of Baghdad
• 1260: Battle of Ain Jalut

7. Africa

• 1230-1255: Reign of Sundiata Keita
• 13th century: Growth of the Swahili city-states

8. Americas

• 13th century: Growth of the Aztec Civilization
• 13th century: Inca Civilization
• 13th century: Decline of the Maya